Senin, 12 Oktober 2015

A critical review of the Four Models of Public Relations and the Excellence Theory in an era of digital communication Stephen Waddington BEng(Hons) MCIPR MPRCA & Remembering the Public in Public Relations Research: From Theoretical to Operational Symmetry Michael Karlberg



The era of digital communication has lead us to the new media perspective. As we know digital network communication purpose is to making communication process easier to access. But with changing the process, it also required some changes on the basis. The journal describes how the excellence theory is being applied in the era of digital network communication. In excellence theory the writer tried to explain the four levels of analysis. There are program level, functional level, organization level and societal level. Though some practitioners might influenced by the original four models of publics relation. The writer also outlined the academic criticism. In order to applying excellence theory in this digital network communication era Larissa Grunig stated that the theory is not static.

In order public to assimilate online, the paper shows the impact of the internet on organization communication. It says that the four model of communications has some limitations because of the structure era where the model was made o that year. But using some natural changes, human can adapted with those models. Individuals and organizations that share similar values will naturally converge online. One of the internet phenomenon as mention by the writer is memes as a dynamic communication. Public relations could use memes as the tools for promoting. With the creativity of memes it could inspires the audience to develop and share it to be viral.

This journal is linked to the next journal about the four models of public relations. Four models of public relations can be used by public relations departments while working out their duties. First is the one way communication type. Which called the press agentry, in this model the information moves one way for organization to its public. The characteristic of this model is uses persuasion to influence audiences. Which makes this model is more likely to do promotions and publicity. The second one is public information model. This is different with the press agent because its intention was to inform rather than promotion. Practitioners of this model have to be proactive in order to inform the publics of something important and respond their publics. Third is two way asymmetrical model which using social-science methods in order to develop the persuasiveness of the message. Practitioners might use interviews to measure public behavior and then design public relations program to increase support from public. The last is two way symmetric model where public relations orientation between an organization and its public adjust each other. Mutual understanding is more important rather than one way communication persuasive.

The other journal discuss from theoretical to operational symmetry. The writer shows that the distinction between practitioner and academic research is not easy but it’s necessary. The writer also discuss about the instrumental research which is concerned with the micro level technique. It explain about how public relations should solve the task. And the idea of instrumental research is public relations is a one way communication process. Another premise is the manipulative, which public more likely interested if the organization has a good image. The statement shows that public relations might also work as the commerce oriented to the market or its public audience. This premise also lead to the management concept of public relations role. In critical research is tend to focused on theorizing, critiquing, in broader social, political, and economic. In another word it is concerned with the macro level of society. One of the critique concerned about the condition o community of mass communications. 

This journal also discuss about the four models which linked with the first journal. But the difference is the writer explains about the theoretical framework of public relations for resolving conflict and enhancing community. Using the two premises it continues to regulate audience and public interest groups to the periphery of public relations research.

Iriene Muharani
125120207121014

Tidak ada komentar:

Posting Komentar